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b/public/api/i/2025/09/09/zoe4t0-1.webp differ diff --git a/src/content/posts/中间件/MySQL/如何处理MySQL的主从同步延迟.md b/src/content/posts/中间件/MySQL/如何处理MySQL的主从同步延迟.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e130d89 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/content/posts/中间件/MySQL/如何处理MySQL的主从同步延迟.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +--- +title: 如何处理MySQL的主从同步延迟 +published: 2025-09-09 +description: '' +image: '' +tags: ['MySQL', '主从同步', '延迟'] +category: '中间件 > MySQL' +draft: false +lang: '' +--- + diff --git a/src/content/posts/搭建MySQL主从服务器.md b/src/content/posts/搭建MySQL主从服务器.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e941106 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/content/posts/搭建MySQL主从服务器.md @@ -0,0 +1,313 @@ +--- +title: 搭建MySQL主从服务器 +published: 2025-09-09 +description: '' +image: '' +tags: ['MySQL', '主从同步'] +category: '中间件 > MySQL' +draft: false +lang: '' +--- + +# 买服务器 +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/zh72vh-1.webp) +先买两台服务器，装ubuntu系统 + +# 安装mysql +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/zgrhyz-1.webp) + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/zh539x-1.webp) + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/zhoxxy-1.webp) + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/zhr1zz-1.webp) +# 修改配置，让两个服务器能够互相连接 +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/zhxile-1.webp) + +## 开启监听 +root@ecs-f95f-0002:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d# vim mysqld.cnf + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/zlvtzi-1.webp) + +修改从库 +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/zmmg8c-1.webp) + +root@ecs-f95f-0001:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d# sudo systemctl restart mysql +root@ecs-f95f-0002:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d# sudo systemctl restart mysql + + +重启一下主库和从库的mysql + + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/zo9kra-1.webp) + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/zoe4t0-1.webp) + +## 为root开启远程访问 + +mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'root'; +Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) + +mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; +Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) + +启用密码验证 + + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10irv8h-1.webp) + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10iulwy-1.webp) + +现在可以连接上了 + + +## 修改主库配置 +``` +[mysqld] +server-id = 153 +# 启用二进制日志功能，这是复制的基础 +log-bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log +# (可选) 设置二进制日志的格式，建议使用ROW格式，可以更好地保证数据一致性 +binlog_format = ROW +binlog_ignore_db = mysql + +``` + +## 创建远程用户 +```sql +-- 创建远程用户 +CREATE USER 'repl_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'remote'; +-- 给予复制权限 + GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl_user'@'%'; + +-- 刷新权限 +FLUSH PRIVILEGES; +``` + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10notnv-1.webp) + +```sql +-- 锁定所有表，防止新的数据写入，确保数据一致性 +FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK; + +-- 查看主服务器状态 +SHOW MASTER STATUS; +``` + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10o5bfr-1.webp) + + +## 备份主数据库，传到从服务器 + +```bash + mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases --source-data > ./master_backup.sql +``` + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10pdpxq-1.webp) + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10qxsbs-1.webp) + + +创建密钥 +```bash +ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 +``` + +密钥创建好以后，把公钥放到从服务器 +```bash +ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.0.93 +``` + + + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10r22n7-1.webp) + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10rla5b-1.webp) + +``` +Host mysql-slave + HostName 192.168.0.93 + User root + Port 22 + IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa +``` + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10txbl0-1.webp) + +从服务器配置： +```bash +ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 +``` +```bash +ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.0.153 +``` + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10s7nn8-1.webp) + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10sa32o-1.webp) + + +``` +Host mysql-master + HostName 192.168.0.153 + User root + Port 22 + IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa +``` + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10tejl0-1.webp) + + +从主服务器上把备份好的数据库传到从库上 +``` +root@ecs-f95f-0002:~# scp master_backup.sql mysql-slave:~ +master_backup.sql +``` + +从库已经可以看到了 +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10ujgs1-1.webp) + +导入 +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/122nj25-1.webp) + + +主库解锁 +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/122tx0s-1.webp) + + +从库mysql配置文件 +``` +[mysqld] +server-id = 93 +relay-log = /var/log/mysql/mysql-relay-bin +read-only = 1 +# (可选但推荐) 记录从服务器的数据更改到自己的二进制日志，以便将来可以作为其他从服务器的主服务器 +log-bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log +``` + +重启从库并且登录从库 +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/125oncs-1.webp) + +```sql +stop slave; +CHANGE MASTER TO + MASTER_HOST = '192.168.0.153', + MASTER_USER = 'repl_user', + MASTER_PASSWORD = 'remote', + MASTER_LOG_FILE = 'mysql-bin.000005', + MASTER_LOG_POS = 157; +START SLAVE; +``` + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/129zoko-1.webp) + +``` + +mysql> show slave status \G; +*************************** 1. row *************************** + Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event + Master_Host: 192.168.0.153 + Master_User: repl_user + Master_Port: 3306 + Connect_Retry: 60 + Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005 + Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1826 + Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002 + Relay_Log_Pos: 326 + Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005 + Slave_IO_Running: Yes + Slave_SQL_Running: Yes + Replicate_Do_DB: + Replicate_Ignore_DB: + Replicate_Do_Table: + Replicate_Ignore_Table: + Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: + Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: + Last_Errno: 0 + Last_Error: + Skip_Counter: 0 + Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1826 + Relay_Log_Space: 536 + Until_Condition: None + Until_Log_File: + Until_Log_Pos: 0 + Master_SSL_Allowed: No + Master_SSL_CA_File: + Master_SSL_CA_Path: + Master_SSL_Cert: + Master_SSL_Cipher: + Master_SSL_Key: + Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 +Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No + Last_IO_Errno: 0 + Last_IO_Error: + Last_SQL_Errno: 0 + Last_SQL_Error: + Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: + Master_Server_Id: 153 + Master_UUID: 014654cd-8d83-11f0-b940-fa163e8fe780 + Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info + SQL_Delay: 0 + SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL + Slave_SQL_Running_State: Replica has read all relay log; waiting for more updates + Master_Retry_Count: 86400 + Master_Bind: + Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: + Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: + Master_SSL_Crl: + Master_SSL_Crlpath: + Retrieved_Gtid_Set: + Executed_Gtid_Set: + Auto_Position: 0 + Replicate_Rewrite_DB: + Channel_Name: + Master_TLS_Version: + Master_public_key_path: + Get_master_public_key: 0 + Network_Namespace: +1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec) + +ERROR: +No query specified +``` + + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/12i6cmk-1.webp) + +在主库里面 +创建库，表，插入数据 +```sql +-- 创建 UTF8MB4 数据库 +CREATE DATABASE testdb +CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 +COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci; + +use testdb; +CREATE TABLE user_data ( + id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, -- 主键，自动递增 + username VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, -- 用户名，最大长度255 + comment TEXT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 -- 评论，支持存储表情符号和其他Unicode字符 +) ENGINE=InnoDB CHARSET=utf8mb4; + +-- 插入常规数据 +INSERT INTO user_data (username, comment) VALUES ('Alice', 'Hello, world!'); + +-- 插入带表情符号的数据 +INSERT INTO user_data (username, comment) VALUES ('Bob', 'This is fun! 😊'); + +-- 插入中文字符 +INSERT INTO user_data (username, comment) VALUES ('Charlie', '你好，世界！'); + +-- 插入混合内容 +INSERT INTO user_data (username, comment) VALUES ('David', '中文＋Emoji 🌟😄'); + +``` + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/12jzoy9-1.webp) + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/12k2qso-1.webp) + +接下来我们看看从库状态 + + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/12kp3qc-1.webp) \ No newline at end of file