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如何设置Cookie +### SpringBoot +#### 在 Controller 中设置 Cookie +```java +import jakarta.servlet.http.Cookie; +import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; +import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; +import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; + +@RestController +public class CookieController { + + @GetMapping("/set-cookie") + public String setCookie(HttpServletResponse response) { + Cookie cookie = new Cookie("token", "abc123"); + cookie.setPath("/"); // 设置路径（整个项目可用） + cookie.setMaxAge(60 * 60); // 有效期 1 小时 + cookie.setHttpOnly(true); // 防止 JS 读取，提升安全性 + cookie.setSecure(false); // true 代表仅 https 传输 + response.addCookie(cookie); // 写入响应头 + + return "Cookie 已设置！"; + } +} + +``` +#### 在 Response Header 中手动写入 Cookie +有时需要更细控制，可以直接操作 Set-Cookie 响应头： +```java +@GetMapping("/set-cookie-header") +public String setCookieHeader(HttpServletResponse response) { + response.addHeader("Set-Cookie", "sessionId=xyz789; Path=/; HttpOnly; Max-Age=3600"); + return "Header Cookie 已设置！"; +} + +``` +#### 读取 Cookie +使用 @CookieValue： +```java +@GetMapping("/get-cookie") +public String getCookie(@CookieValue(value = "token", defaultValue = "null") String token) { + return "当前 token = " + token; +} +``` + +```java +@GetMapping("/get-cookie2") +public String getCookie2(HttpServletRequest request) { + Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies(); + if (cookies != null) { + for (Cookie c : cookies) { + if ("token".equals(c.getName())) { + return "找到 token: " + c.getValue(); + } + } + } + return "未找到 token"; +} + +``` +### Cookie组成 +用户可通过 f12打开控制台，然后应用->Cookie->找到当前地址，就能看到当前的Cookie 信息。 + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/21/xev89u-1.webp) + +- `key=value`: 核心数据 +- `Set-Cookie`字段： 服务器通过这个字段定义Cookie的内容 +- `Path=/`： 指定Cookie的而作用路径（/表示所有路径均可访问） +- `HttpOnly`: 防止JavaScript 访问Cookie（提高安全性） +- `Secure`: 要求Cookie仅能通过HTTPS传输 +- `Max-Age`: 设置Cookie在多久后过期 +- `Expires`： 设置Cookie在指定时间过期 +- `Domain`： 作用域，指定Cookie所属的域名，允许跨子域名共享 + +**Max-Age** 和**Expires**是设置Cookie过期时间的两种方式。 +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/21/x7ivoo-1.webp) +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/21/x7kr9o-1.webp) + +--- + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/21/xfy5w7-1.webp) +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/21/xfwwfm-1.webp) +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/21/xfutn8-1.webp) +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/21/xg132o-1.webp) +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/21/xg1u42-1.webp) +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/21/xg3flm-1.webp) + +## Cookie按照生命周期分为两种 +会话期cookie是最简单的cookie：浏览器关闭后会被自动删除。会话期cookie不需要指定过期时间（Expires）或者有效期（Max-Age)。需要注意的是，有些浏览器提供了会话恢复功能，这种情况即使关闭了浏览器，会话期cookie也会被保留下来，这会导致cookie的生命周期无限期延长 +持久性cookie的生命周期取决于过期时间（Expires）或者有效期（Max-Age）指定的一段时间。 +当Cookie的过期时间被设定时，设定的日期和时间只与客户端相关，而不是服务端。 + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/21/x6dk9p-1.webp) + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/21/x6ftip-1.webp) + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/21/x6htww-1.webp) + +## Cookie过期时间配置 +**Max-Age** 和**Expires**是设置Cookie过期时间的两种方式。 +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/21/x7ivoo-1.webp) +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/21/x7kr9o-1.webp) + +> 两者都用于设置“持久级 Cookie”（会话级 Cookie 不设置它们） +> 同时存在时，Max-Age 优先 + +## Cookie大小限制 +- 单个Cookie最大约为4KB +## Cookie数量限制 +浏览器对同一域名的Cookie数量有限制（如Chrome为200个） +## 安全建议： +永远不要在Cookie中存储敏感信息（如密码），改用Token或Session ID。 +始终启用HttpOnly和Secure，防止XSS和中间人攻击。 +## Cookie优缺点和注意事项 +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/21/xhd3rc-1.webp) +# Session +session是另一种记录客户状态的机制，不同的是Cookie保存在客户端浏览器中，而session保存在服务器上,客户端浏览器访问服务器的时候，服务器把客户端信息以某种形式记录在服务器上，这就是session。客户端浏览器再次访问时只需要从该Session中查找该客户的状态就可以了; +## 安全性 +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/22/ia3jrw-1.webp) + + +## Session 的工作流程 +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/22/i8sx9o-1.webp) + +## 大小 +Session是无大小限制的 + + +## 缺陷 +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/22/ib38t6-1.webp) +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/22/ib9eq3-1.webp) +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/22/ib4quq-1.webp) + +## Cookie和Session的区别 +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/22/ibdvwc-1.webp) +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/22/ibpwz6-1.webp) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/content/posts/工作/常见开发模型.md b/src/content/posts/工作/常见开发模型.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..000ac61 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/content/posts/工作/常见开发模型.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +--- +title: 常见开发模型 +published: 2025-09-21 +description: '' +image: '' +tags: [开发模型,瀑布模型,原型法,V模型,螺旋模型] +category: '工作' +draft: false +lang: '' +--- + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/21/wedsm1-1.webp) diff --git a/src/content/posts/计算机网络/常见HTTP状态码.md b/src/content/posts/计算机网络/常见HTTP状态码.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..976589d --- /dev/null +++ b/src/content/posts/计算机网络/常见HTTP状态码.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +--- +title: 常见HTTP状态码 +published: 2025-09-21 +description: '' +image: '' +tags: [HTTP,状态码,计算机网络] +category: '计算机网络' +draft: false +lang: '' +--- + +# 1xx信息响应 +- 100 Continue: 服务器已接收请求的初步部分，客户端应该继续请求 +- 101 Switching Protocols: 服务器同意切换协议，比如从HTTP切换到Webscoket + +# 2xx信息响应 +- 200 OK: 请求成功，服务器返回请求的资源或者数据 +- 201 Created： 请求成功并创建了新资源，常用于POST请求 +- 204 No Content: 请求成功但服务器不返回任何信息，常用于删除操作 + +# 3xx 重定向 +- 301 Moved Permanently: 资源已永久移动到新的URL，客户端应该用新URL访问。 +- 302 Found: 资源临时移动到新的URL，客户端应该继续使用原来的URL + +## 常见重定向机制 +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/21/ukxf35-1.webp) + +