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MySQL中发生死锁如何解决 +published: 2025-09-08 +description: 'MySQL中发生死锁如何解决' +image: '' +tags: ['MySQL','死锁'] +category: '中间件 > MySQL' +draft: false +lang: '' +--- + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/08/10jgi3w-1.webp) + + + +# 自动检测与回滚 +MySQL自带死锁检测机制（innodb_deadlock_detect），当检测到死锁的时候，数据库会自动回滚其中一个事务，以接触死锁，通常会回滚事务中持有最少资源的那个。 + +也有锁等待超时的参数（innodb_lock_wait_timeout），当锁等待超过这个时间后，MySQL会自动回滚。 + +# 手动kill发生死锁的语句 +可以通过命令，手动快速找出被阻塞的事务以及线程ID，然后手动Kill掉，及时释放资源。 + +# 常见降低/排除死锁出现情况的方法 +- 避免大事务： 大事务占据锁耗时长，可以把大事务拆分成多个小事务执行快速释放锁，可以降低死锁产生的概率和冲突 +- 调整申请锁的顺序： 在写操作的时候保证能获得足够范围的锁，如修改操作的时候先获取排他锁再获取共享锁，固定顺序访问数据 +- 更改数据隔离级别： 可重复读比读已提交多了间隙锁和临键锁，使用读已提交能降低死锁出现的情况。 +- 合理建立索引，减少加锁范围 +- 开启死锁检测，适当调整锁等待超时时间 + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/08/11d3nuc-1.webp) + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/08/11d5hm7-1.webp) + +# 实际测试 +innodb_print_all_deadlocks：开启死锁打印 +```sql +show VARIABLES like 'innodb_print_all_deadlocks'; + +set GLOBAL innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1; + +flush PRIVILEGES; + +``` + +```sql + +create table deadlock_test ( + id bigint not null, + name varchar(255), + primary key(id) +); +insert into deadlock_test values(1, 'zhangsan'); + +``` + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/08/10tx11y-1.webp) + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/08/10u159n-1.webp) + + +```sql +show engine innodb status; +``` + + +经典“交叉持锁、互等”死锁： +事务 (1) 当前语句是 select * from deadlock_test where id = 1 for update，日志显示它已持有 id=2 的记录锁，正等待获取 id=1 的锁。 +事务 (2) 当前语句是 select * from deadlock_test where id = 2 for update，日志显示它已持有 id=1 的记录锁，正等待获取 id=2 的锁。 +二者形成环：T1 持 id=2 等 id=1；T2 持 id=1 等 id=2。 +锁类型：lock_mode X locks rec but not gap 为记录级行锁（非 GAP 锁），锁定的是主键记录本身。 +仲裁结果：InnoDB 回滚了事务 (2)（“WE ROLL BACK TRANSACTION (2)”），说明它评估回滚成本更低（未必是开始时间靠后）。 + +``` +------------------------ +LATEST DETECTED DEADLOCK +------------------------ +2025-09-08 14:25:29 138110019045056 +*** (1) TRANSACTION: +TRANSACTION 48777, ACTIVE 96 sec starting index read +mysql tables in use 1, locked 1 +LOCK WAIT 3 lock struct(s), heap size 1128, 2 row lock(s), undo log entries 1 +MySQL thread id 638, OS thread handle 138111594002112, query id 479129 10.0.0.8 root statistics +select * from deadlock_test where id = 1 for update + +*** (1) HOLDS THE LOCK(S): +RECORD LOCKS space id 76 page no 4 n bits 72 index PRIMARY of table `deadlock`.`deadlock_test` trx id 48777 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap +Record lock, heap no 3 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 4; compact format; info bits 0 + 0: len 8; hex 8000000000000002; asc ;; + 1: len 6; hex 00000000be89; asc ;; + 2: len 7; hex 82000001230110; asc # ;; + 3: len 7; hex 77616e6773616e; asc wangsan;; + + +*** (1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: +RECORD LOCKS space id 76 page no 4 n bits 72 index PRIMARY of table `deadlock`.`deadlock_test` trx id 48777 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting +Record lock, heap no 2 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 4; compact format; info bits 0 + 0: len 8; hex 8000000000000001; asc ;; + 1: len 6; hex 00000000be80; asc ;; + 2: len 7; hex 01000000be2b14; asc + ;; + 3: len 4; hex 6c697369; asc lisi;; + + +*** (2) TRANSACTION: +TRANSACTION 48768, ACTIVE 149 sec starting index read +mysql tables in use 1, locked 1 +LOCK WAIT 3 lock struct(s), heap size 1128, 2 row lock(s), undo log entries 1 +MySQL thread id 636, OS thread handle 138111598196416, query id 479151 10.0.0.8 root statistics +select * from deadlock_test where id = 2 for update + +*** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S): +RECORD LOCKS space id 76 page no 4 n bits 72 index PRIMARY of table `deadlock`.`deadlock_test` trx id 48768 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap +Record lock, heap no 2 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 4; compact format; info bits 0 + 0: len 8; hex 8000000000000001; asc ;; + 1: len 6; hex 00000000be80; asc ;; + 2: len 7; hex 01000000be2b14; asc + ;; + 3: len 4; hex 6c697369; asc lisi;; + + +*** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: +RECORD LOCKS space id 76 page no 4 n bits 72 index PRIMARY of table `deadlock`.`deadlock_test` trx id 48768 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting +Record lock, heap no 3 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 4; compact format; info bits 0 + 0: len 8; hex 8000000000000002; asc ;; + 1: len 6; hex 00000000be89; asc ;; + 2: len 7; hex 82000001230110; asc # ;; + 3: len 7; hex 77616e6773616e; asc wangsan;; + +*** WE ROLL BACK TRANSACTION (2) +------------ +TRANSACTIONS +------------ +Trx id counter 48783 +Purge done for trx's n:o < 48783 undo n:o < 0 state: running but idle +History list length 1 +LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION: +---TRANSACTION 419586600079360, not started +0 lock struct(s), heap size 1128, 0 row lock(s) +---TRANSACTION 419586600080976, not started +0 lock struct(s), heap size 1128, 0 row lock(s) +---TRANSACTION 419586600080168, not started +0 lock struct(s), heap size 1128, 0 row lock(s) +---TRANSACTION 419586600078552, not started +0 lock struct(s), heap size 1128, 0 row lock(s) +---TRANSACTION 419586600077744, not started +0 lock struct(s), heap size 1128, 0 row lock(s) +---TRANSACTION 419586600076936, not started +0 lock struct(s), heap size 1128, 0 row lock(s) +---TRANSACTION 48777, ACTIVE 121 sec +5 lock struct(s), heap size 1128, 2 row lock(s), undo log entries 1 +MySQL thread id 638, OS thread handle 138111594002112, query id 479167 10.0.0.8 root +``` + +通过MySQL系统库查询被阻塞的事务以及线程ID，手动kill释放资源 + +查询锁信息表： +```sql +-- 8.0 版本以前 +select * from information_schema.innodb_locks; +-- 8.0版本开始 +select * from performance_schema.data_locks; +``` + +## 关闭死锁检测 +```sql +SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'innodb_deadlock_detect'; +``` + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/08/110r5za-1.webp) + + +```sql + +SET GLOBAL innodb_deadlock_detect = 0; +``` + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/08/111e4i9-1.webp) + + +接下来我们再次开两个事务 + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/08/112zyds-1.webp) + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/08/11321yv-1.webp) + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/08/114vhsk-1.webp) + + +查询锁等待信息表 +```sql +-- 8.0版本之前 +select * from information_schema.innodb_lock_waits; +-- 8.0版本开始 +select * from performance_schema.data_lock_waits; +``` +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/08/114xwmu-1.webp) +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/08/115w1hh-1.webp) + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/08/116hus4-1.webp) + +查询innodb事务信息 +```sql +SELECT * from information_schema.INNODB_TRX; + +``` + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/08/11a35ow-1.webp) + + +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/08/118hy05-1.webp) +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/08/118d2ss-1.webp) +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/08/118f5gd-1.webp) +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/08/118gs9v-1.webp) + + + +```sql +-- 列出当前的阻塞者（含可直接 KILL 的进程号） +SELECT + b.ENGINE_TRANSACTION_ID AS blocking_trx_id, + th.PROCESSLIST_ID AS blocking_pid, + trx.trx_started, + trx.trx_state, + trx.trx_rows_locked, + trx.trx_query +FROM performance_schema.data_lock_waits w +JOIN performance_schema.data_locks b + ON w.blocking_engine_lock_id = b.engine_lock_id +JOIN information_schema.INNODB_TRX trx + ON b.engine_transaction_id = trx.trx_id +JOIN performance_schema.threads th + ON b.thread_id = th.thread_id +GROUP BY blocking_trx_id, blocking_pid, trx.trx_started, trx.trx_state, trx.trx_rows_locked, trx.trx_query; + +-- 杀掉阻塞会话 +KILL CONNECTION ; +``` +![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/08/119g2ic-1.webp) +