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src/content/posts/中间件/MySQL/如何处理MySQL的主从同步延迟.md

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+---
+title: 如何处理MySQL的主从同步延迟
+published: 2025-09-09
+description: ''
+image: ''
+tags: ['MySQL', '主从同步', '延迟']
+category: '中间件 > MySQL'
+draft: false 
+lang: ''
+---
+

src/content/posts/搭建MySQL主从服务器.md

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+---
+title: 搭建MySQL主从服务器
+published: 2025-09-09
+description: ''
+image: ''
+tags: ['MySQL', '主从同步']
+category: '中间件 > MySQL'
+draft: false 
+lang: ''
+---
+
+# 买服务器
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/zh72vh-1.webp)
+先买两台服务器，装ubuntu系统
+
+# 安装mysql
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/zgrhyz-1.webp)
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/zh539x-1.webp)
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/zhoxxy-1.webp)
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/zhr1zz-1.webp)
+# 修改配置，让两个服务器能够互相连接
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/zhxile-1.webp)
+
+## 开启监听
+root@ecs-f95f-0002:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d# vim mysqld.cnf 
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/zlvtzi-1.webp)
+
+修改从库
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/zmmg8c-1.webp)
+
+root@ecs-f95f-0001:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d# sudo systemctl restart mysql
+root@ecs-f95f-0002:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d# sudo systemctl restart mysql
+
+
+重启一下主库和从库的mysql
+
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/zo9kra-1.webp)
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/zoe4t0-1.webp)
+
+## 为root开启远程访问
+
+mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'root';
+Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+
+mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
+Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+
+启用密码验证
+
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10irv8h-1.webp)
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10iulwy-1.webp)
+
+现在可以连接上了
+
+
+## 修改主库配置
+```
+[mysqld]
+server-id = 153
+# 启用二进制日志功能，这是复制的基础
+log-bin                 = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
+# (可选) 设置二进制日志的格式，建议使用ROW格式，可以更好地保证数据一致性
+binlog_format           = ROW
+binlog_ignore_db        = mysql
+
+```
+
+## 创建远程用户
+```sql
+-- 创建远程用户
+CREATE USER 'repl_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'remote';
+-- 给予复制权限
+ GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl_user'@'%';
+
+-- 刷新权限
+FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
+```
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10notnv-1.webp)
+
+```sql
+-- 锁定所有表，防止新的数据写入，确保数据一致性
+FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
+
+-- 查看主服务器状态
+SHOW MASTER STATUS;
+```
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10o5bfr-1.webp)
+
+
+## 备份主数据库，传到从服务器
+
+```bash
+ mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases --source-data > ./master_backup.sql
+```
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10pdpxq-1.webp)
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10qxsbs-1.webp)
+
+
+创建密钥
+```bash
+ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096
+```
+
+密钥创建好以后，把公钥放到从服务器
+```bash
+ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.0.93
+```
+
+
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10r22n7-1.webp)
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10rla5b-1.webp)
+
+```
+Host mysql-slave
+    HostName 192.168.0.93
+    User root
+    Port 22
+    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa
+```
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10txbl0-1.webp)
+
+从服务器配置： 
+```bash
+ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096
+```
+```bash
+ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.0.153
+```
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10s7nn8-1.webp)
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10sa32o-1.webp)
+
+
+```
+Host mysql-master
+    HostName 192.168.0.153
+    User root
+    Port 22
+    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa
+```
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10tejl0-1.webp)
+
+
+从主服务器上把备份好的数据库传到从库上
+```
+root@ecs-f95f-0002:~# scp master_backup.sql mysql-slave:~
+master_backup.sql                                             
+```
+
+从库已经可以看到了
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/10ujgs1-1.webp)
+
+导入
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/122nj25-1.webp)
+
+
+主库解锁
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/122tx0s-1.webp)
+
+
+从库mysql配置文件
+```
+[mysqld]
+server-id = 93
+relay-log       = /var/log/mysql/mysql-relay-bin
+read-only       = 1
+# (可选但推荐) 记录从服务器的数据更改到自己的二进制日志，以便将来可以作为其他从服务器的主服务器
+log-bin         = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
+```
+
+重启从库并且登录从库
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/125oncs-1.webp)
+
+```sql
+stop slave;
+CHANGE MASTER TO 
+    MASTER_HOST = '192.168.0.153',
+    MASTER_USER = 'repl_user',
+    MASTER_PASSWORD = 'remote',
+    MASTER_LOG_FILE = 'mysql-bin.000005',
+    MASTER_LOG_POS = 157;
+START SLAVE;
+```
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/129zoko-1.webp)
+
+```
+
+mysql> show slave status \G;
+*************************** 1. row ***************************
+               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
+                  Master_Host: 192.168.0.153
+                  Master_User: repl_user
+                  Master_Port: 3306
+                Connect_Retry: 60
+              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
+          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1826
+               Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002
+                Relay_Log_Pos: 326
+        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
+             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
+            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
+              Replicate_Do_DB: 
+          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
+           Replicate_Do_Table: 
+       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
+      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
+  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
+                   Last_Errno: 0
+                   Last_Error: 
+                 Skip_Counter: 0
+          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1826
+              Relay_Log_Space: 536
+              Until_Condition: None
+               Until_Log_File: 
+                Until_Log_Pos: 0
+           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
+           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
+           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
+              Master_SSL_Cert: 
+            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
+               Master_SSL_Key: 
+        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
+Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
+                Last_IO_Errno: 0
+                Last_IO_Error: 
+               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
+               Last_SQL_Error: 
+  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
+             Master_Server_Id: 153
+                  Master_UUID: 014654cd-8d83-11f0-b940-fa163e8fe780
+             Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
+                    SQL_Delay: 0
+          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
+      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Replica has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
+           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
+                  Master_Bind: 
+      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
+     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
+               Master_SSL_Crl: 
+           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
+           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
+            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
+                Auto_Position: 0
+         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
+                 Channel_Name: 
+           Master_TLS_Version: 
+       Master_public_key_path: 
+        Get_master_public_key: 0
+            Network_Namespace: 
+1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
+
+ERROR: 
+No query specified
+```
+
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/12i6cmk-1.webp)
+
+在主库里面
+创建库，表，插入数据
+```sql
+-- 创建 UTF8MB4 数据库
+CREATE DATABASE testdb
+CHARACTER SET utf8mb4
+COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
+
+use testdb;
+CREATE TABLE user_data (
+    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,        -- 主键，自动递增
+    username VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,           -- 用户名，最大长度255
+    comment TEXT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4        -- 评论，支持存储表情符号和其他Unicode字符
+) ENGINE=InnoDB CHARSET=utf8mb4;
+
+-- 插入常规数据
+INSERT INTO user_data (username, comment) VALUES ('Alice', 'Hello, world!');
+
+-- 插入带表情符号的数据
+INSERT INTO user_data (username, comment) VALUES ('Bob', 'This is fun! 😊');
+
+-- 插入中文字符
+INSERT INTO user_data (username, comment) VALUES ('Charlie', '你好，世界！');
+
+-- 插入混合内容
+INSERT INTO user_data (username, comment) VALUES ('David', '中文＋Emoji 🌟😄');
+
+```
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/12jzoy9-1.webp)
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/12k2qso-1.webp)
+
+接下来我们看看从库状态
+
+
+![](https://blog.meowrain.cn/api/i/2025/09/09/12kp3qc-1.webp)