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src/content/posts/中间件/MySQL/如何处理MySQL的主从同步延迟.md
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src/content/posts/中间件/MySQL/如何处理MySQL的主从同步延迟.md
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---
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title: 如何处理MySQL的主从同步延迟
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published: 2025-09-09
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description: ''
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image: ''
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tags: ['MySQL', '主从同步', '延迟']
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category: '中间件 > MySQL'
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draft: false
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lang: ''
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---
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src/content/posts/搭建MySQL主从服务器.md
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src/content/posts/搭建MySQL主从服务器.md
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---
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title: 搭建MySQL主从服务器
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published: 2025-09-09
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description: ''
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image: ''
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tags: ['MySQL', '主从同步']
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category: '中间件 > MySQL'
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draft: false
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lang: ''
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---
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# 买服务器
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先买两台服务器，装ubuntu系统
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# 安装mysql
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# 修改配置，让两个服务器能够互相连接
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## 开启监听
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root@ecs-f95f-0002:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d# vim mysqld.cnf
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修改从库
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root@ecs-f95f-0001:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d# sudo systemctl restart mysql
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root@ecs-f95f-0002:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d# sudo systemctl restart mysql
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重启一下主库和从库的mysql
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## 为root开启远程访问
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mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'root';
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Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
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Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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启用密码验证
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现在可以连接上了
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## 修改主库配置
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```
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[mysqld]
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server-id = 153
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# 启用二进制日志功能，这是复制的基础
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log-bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
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# (可选) 设置二进制日志的格式，建议使用ROW格式，可以更好地保证数据一致性
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binlog_format = ROW
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binlog_ignore_db = mysql
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```
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## 创建远程用户
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```sql
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-- 创建远程用户
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CREATE USER 'repl_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'remote';
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-- 给予复制权限
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GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl_user'@'%';
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-- 刷新权限
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FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
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```
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```sql
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-- 锁定所有表，防止新的数据写入，确保数据一致性
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FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
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-- 查看主服务器状态
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SHOW MASTER STATUS;
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```
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## 备份主数据库，传到从服务器
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```bash
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mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases --source-data > ./master_backup.sql
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```
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创建密钥
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```bash
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ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096
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```
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密钥创建好以后，把公钥放到从服务器
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```bash
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ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.0.93
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```
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```
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Host mysql-slave
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HostName 192.168.0.93
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User root
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Port 22
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IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa
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```
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从服务器配置：
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```bash
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ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096
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```
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```bash
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ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.0.153
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```
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```
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Host mysql-master
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HostName 192.168.0.153
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User root
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Port 22
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IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa
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```
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从主服务器上把备份好的数据库传到从库上
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```
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root@ecs-f95f-0002:~# scp master_backup.sql mysql-slave:~
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master_backup.sql
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```
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从库已经可以看到了
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导入
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主库解锁
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从库mysql配置文件
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```
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[mysqld]
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server-id = 93
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relay-log = /var/log/mysql/mysql-relay-bin
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read-only = 1
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# (可选但推荐) 记录从服务器的数据更改到自己的二进制日志，以便将来可以作为其他从服务器的主服务器
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log-bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
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```
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重启从库并且登录从库
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```sql
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stop slave;
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CHANGE MASTER TO
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MASTER_HOST = '192.168.0.153',
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MASTER_USER = 'repl_user',
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MASTER_PASSWORD = 'remote',
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MASTER_LOG_FILE = 'mysql-bin.000005',
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MASTER_LOG_POS = 157;
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START SLAVE;
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```
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```
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mysql> show slave status \G;
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*************************** 1. row ***************************
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Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
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Master_Host: 192.168.0.153
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Master_User: repl_user
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Master_Port: 3306
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Connect_Retry: 60
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Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
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Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1826
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Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002
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Relay_Log_Pos: 326
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Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
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Slave_IO_Running: Yes
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Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
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Replicate_Do_DB:
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Replicate_Ignore_DB:
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Replicate_Do_Table:
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Replicate_Ignore_Table:
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Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
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Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
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Last_Errno: 0
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Last_Error:
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Skip_Counter: 0
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Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1826
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Relay_Log_Space: 536
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Until_Condition: None
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Until_Log_File:
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Until_Log_Pos: 0
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Master_SSL_Allowed: No
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Master_SSL_CA_File:
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Master_SSL_CA_Path:
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Master_SSL_Cert:
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Master_SSL_Cipher:
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Master_SSL_Key:
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Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
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Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
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Last_IO_Errno: 0
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Last_IO_Error:
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Last_SQL_Errno: 0
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Last_SQL_Error:
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Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
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Master_Server_Id: 153
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Master_UUID: 014654cd-8d83-11f0-b940-fa163e8fe780
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Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
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SQL_Delay: 0
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SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
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Slave_SQL_Running_State: Replica has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
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Master_Retry_Count: 86400
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Master_Bind:
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Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
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Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
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Master_SSL_Crl:
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Master_SSL_Crlpath:
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Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
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Executed_Gtid_Set:
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Auto_Position: 0
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Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
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Channel_Name:
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Master_TLS_Version:
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Master_public_key_path:
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Get_master_public_key: 0
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Network_Namespace:
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1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
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ERROR:
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No query specified
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```
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在主库里面
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创建库，表，插入数据
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```sql
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-- 创建 UTF8MB4 数据库
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CREATE DATABASE testdb
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CHARACTER SET utf8mb4
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COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
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use testdb;
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CREATE TABLE user_data (
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id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, -- 主键，自动递增
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username VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, -- 用户名，最大长度255
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comment TEXT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 -- 评论，支持存储表情符号和其他Unicode字符
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) ENGINE=InnoDB CHARSET=utf8mb4;
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-- 插入常规数据
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INSERT INTO user_data (username, comment) VALUES ('Alice', 'Hello, world!');
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-- 插入带表情符号的数据
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INSERT INTO user_data (username, comment) VALUES ('Bob', 'This is fun! 😊');
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-- 插入中文字符
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INSERT INTO user_data (username, comment) VALUES ('Charlie', '你好，世界！');
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-- 插入混合内容
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INSERT INTO user_data (username, comment) VALUES ('David', '中文＋Emoji 🌟😄');
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```
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接下来我们看看从库状态
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